Exercise of the canonical estrogen receptor (ER) pathway is equal to practical exercise of the nuclear ER transcription issue. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that determine nuclear ER in cells and tissue samples are steadily used to evaluate ER transcriptional exercise, nonetheless, it stays unclear if this method is sufficiently predictive of ER pathway exercise.
This research makes use of ER-positive breast most cancers cell strains (MCF7 and T47D) during which ER transcriptional exercise was quantified utilizing an mRNA-based ER pathway exercise assay. The connection between ER exercise and nuclear ER staining with ER MoAbs was then investigated. Confirming earlier findings, the outcomes present that whereas the presence of ER within the cell nucleus is a prerequisite for ER exercise, it’s not predictive of ER transcriptional exercise.
There have been outstanding variations within the behaviours of the antibodies used within the research. EP1 and 1D5 confirmed diminished nuclear staining when ER was transcriptionally energetic, whereas staining with H4624 was impartial of ER exercise. To enhance discrimination between energetic and inactive nuclear ER primarily based on ER staining, a way was developed which consists of twin ER MoAb immunofluorescent staining, adopted by era of a digital picture with an ordinary digital pathology scanner.
Then a cell nucleus detection algorithm and per cell calculation of the nuclear H4624/EP1 fluorescence depth ratio was utilized, the place a excessive H4624/EP1 ratio predicts an energetic ER pathway. With this methodology, the EP1 and 1D5 antibodies are interchangeable. We hypothesize that the transcriptional activation of ER hides the epitope acknowledged by MoAbs EP1 and 1D5, whereas H4624 binds an ER epitope that continues to be accessible throughout ER pathway activation.
The strategy described on this research ought to add substantial worth to the evaluation of ER pathway exercise for biomedical analysis and diagnostics.
Antibody-mediated supply of chimeric protein degraders which goal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).
Chimeric molecules which impact intracellular degradation of goal proteins by way of E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination (e.g., PROTACs) are presently of excessive curiosity in medicinal chemistry. Nonetheless, these entities are comparatively giant compounds that always possess molecular traits which can compromise oral bioavailability, solubility, and/or in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
Accordingly, we explored whether or not conjugation of chimeric degraders to monoclonal antibodies utilizing applied sciences initially developed for cytotoxic payloads may present alternate supply choices for these novel brokers. On this report we describe the development of a number of degrader-antibody conjugates comprised of two distinct ERα-targeting degrader entities and three impartial ADC linker modalities.
We subsequently display the antigen-dependent supply to MCF7-neo/HER2 cells of the degrader payloads which are included into these conjugates. We additionally present proof for environment friendly intracellular degrader launch from one of many employed linkers. As well as, preliminary information are described which recommend that moderately favorable in vivo stability properties are related to the linkers utilized to assemble the degrader conjugates.
Optimized immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptor beta utilizing two validated monoclonal antibodies confirms its expression in regular and malignant breast tissues.
Vital controversy exists relating to the expression patterns of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in regular and diseased breast tissue. To deal with this problem, we’ve got validated two ERβ antibodies, optimized the IHC protocols for each antibodies and now report the expression patterns of ERβ in regular and malignant breast tissues.
ERβ antibody specificity was decided utilizing western blot and IHC evaluation. ERβ protein expression patterns had been assessed by way of IHC in regular breast tissue and invasive breast carcinoma. Additional, we report the detailed protocol of the ERβ IHC assay developed in our CAP/CLIA licensed laboratory to offer a standardized methodology for future research.
We’ve confirmed the specificity of two impartial ERβ monoclonal antibodies, one which detects complete ERβ protein and one which detects solely the full-length type, which incorporates the ligand binding area, of ERβ. Utilizing these two antibodies, we display that ERβ is very expressed in regular human breast tissue in addition to in 20-30% of invasive breast cancers.
Additional, these two antibodies exhibited related staining patterns throughout a number of completely different tissues and had been extremely concordant with regard to figuring out ERβ positivity in breast cancers.ERβ protein was proven to be considerable within the majority of regular breast epithelial cells and is current in 20-30% of breast cancers.
Use of those two antibodies, together with their standardized IHC protocols, present a reference for future research geared toward figuring out the utility of ERβ as a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker in varied tissues of benign or malignant states.
Complicated sex-biased antibody responses: Estrogen receptors bind estrogen response parts centered inside immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers.
Nuclear hormone receptors together with the estrogen receptor (ERα) and the retinoic acid receptor regulate a plethora of organic features together with replica, circulation, and immunity. To know how estrogen and different nuclear hormones affect antibody manufacturing, we characterised complete serum antibody isotypes in feminine and male mice of C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ mouse strains.
Antibody ranges had been increased in females in comparison with males in all strains and there was a feminine desire for IgG2b manufacturing. Intercourse -biased patterns had been influenced by vitamin ranges, and by antigen-specificity towards influenza virus or pneumococcus antigens.
To assist clarify sex-biases, we examined the direct results of estrogen on immunoglobulin heavy chain sterile transcript manufacturing amongst purified, LPS-stimulated B cells. Supplemental estrogen in B cell cultures considerably elevated immunoglobulin heavy chain sterile transcripts.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of activated B cells recognized important ERα binding to estrogen response parts (ERE) centered inside enhancer parts of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, together with the Eμ enhancer and hypersensitive website 1,2 (HS1,2) within the 3′ regulatory area.
The ERE in HS1,2 was conserved throughout animal species, and in people marked a website of polymorphism related to the estrogen-augmented autoimmune illness, lupus. Taken collectively, outcomes spotlight: (i) essential targets of ERα in regulatory areas of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus that affect antibody manufacturing, and (ii) the complexity of mechanisms by which estrogen instructs sex-biased antibody manufacturing profiles.
Pure Anti-Estrogen Receptor Alpha Antibodies Capable of Induce Estrogenic Responses in Breast Most cancers Cells: Hypotheses Regarding Their Mechanisms of Motion and Emergence.
The detection of human anti-estrogen receptor α antibodies (ERαABs) inducing estrogenic responses in MCF-7 mammary tumor cells suggests their implication in breast most cancers emergence and/or evolution. A latest report revealing a correlation between the titer of such antibodies in sera from sufferers affected by this illness and the share of proliferative cells in samples taken from their tumors helps this idea.
Complementary proof of the flexibility of ERαABs to work together with an epitope localized inside the estradiol-binding core of ERα additionally argues in its favor. This epitope is certainly inserted in a regulatory platform implicated in ERα-initiated sign transduction pathways and transcriptions.
In accordance with some experimental observations, two auto-immune reactions might already be advocated to elucidate the emergence of ERαABs: one involving most likely the idiotypic community to provide antibodies performing as estrogenic secretions and the opposite primarily based on antibodies in a position to abrogate the motion of a pure ERα inhibitor or to stop the aggressive inhibitory efficiency of launched receptor degradation merchandise in a position to entrap circulating estrogens and co-activators.
Estrogen Receptor Antibody |
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| F47523-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | EUR 322.15 |
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Description: This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters. |
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Estrogen Receptor 1 antibody |
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| 70R-5681 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 560.4 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal Estrogen Receptor 1 antibody raised against the middle region of ESR1 |
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Estrogen Receptor α Antibody |
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| E90296 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 255 |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (HRP) |
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| 20-abx108227 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (HRP) |
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| 20-abx108228 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (FITC) |
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| 20-abx106808 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (FITC) |
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| 20-abx106809 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (beta) |
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| R30294 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 356.15 |
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Description: Estrogen receptor-beta, referred to as ESR2 or ERb, is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors which can transduce extracellular signals into transcriptional responses. This gene is mapped to 14q and comprises 8 exons spanning approximately 40 kb. It is expressed in multiple tissues, including developing spermatids of the testis and in ovarian granulosa cells. ERb is homologous to the previously identified ERa and has an overlapping but nonidentical tissue distribution. The DNA-binding domain of ERb is 96% conserved compared to ERa, and the ligand-binding domain shows 58% conserved residues. Estrogen receptor beta is expressed in human thymus, spleen, ovary, and testis. ERb mRNA was coexpressed with ERa and its splice variants in 60% of prolactinomas, 100% of mixed growth hormone /prolactin tumors, and 29% of gonadotroph tumors. Gene expression was not limited to ERa-positive tumor subtypes, however, and was also found in 100% of null cell tumors, 80% of somatotroph tumors, and 60% of corticotroph tumors. |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (alpha) |
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| F40335-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
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Description: This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters. |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (alpha) |
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| F43055-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
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Description: This gene encodes an Estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. ERs are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (alpha) |
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| F47454-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
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Description: Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1. [UniProt] |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (alpha) |
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| F47523-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
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Description: This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters. |
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Estrogen Receptor Antibody (alpha) |
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| R31605 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 356.15 |
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Description: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERa), also known as NR3A1, is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear protein that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. ERs are involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. In humans, ERa is encoded by the gene ESR1. It is mapped to 6q25.1. This gene is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2/beta. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, it also play a role in other tissues such as bone. |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (Biotin) |
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| 20-abx105389 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen receptor Antibody (Biotin) |
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| 20-abx105390 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Antibody |
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| abx232822-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 577.2 |
Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx109763 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx109764 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx213617 | Abbexa |
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Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx214264 | Abbexa |
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All of this data, the side of which is especially elementary, might open new methods within the present tendency to mix immunological and endocrine approaches for the administration of breast most cancers.
